Trích dẫn Trung_Cổ

  1. 1 2 Power Central Middle Ages tr. 304
  2. 1 2 Mommsen "Petrarch's Conception of the 'Dark Ages'" Speculum tr. 236–237
  3. ↑ Singman Daily Life tr. x
  4. ↑ Knox "Lịch sử Ý tưởng về Phục Hưng"
  5. 1 2 Bruni History of the Florentine people tr. xvii
  6. ↑ Miglio "Curial Humanism" Interpretations of Renaissance Humanism tr. 112
  7. 1 2 Murray "Should the Middle Ages Be Abolished?" Essays in Medieval Studies tr. 4
  8. ↑ Flexner (biên tập) Random House Dictionary tr. 1194
  9. ↑ "Middle Ages" Dictionary.com
  10. 1 2 3 Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 86
  11. ↑ Xem các bài của Watts Making of Polities Europe 1300–1500 hoặc của Epstein Economic History of Later Medieval Europe 1000–1500 hoặc mốc thời gian của Holmes (ed.) Oxford History of Medieval Europe
  12. 1 2 Davies Europe tr. 291–293
  13. ↑ Xem bài của Saul Companion to Medieval England 1066–1485
  14. ↑ Kamen Spain 1469–1714 tr. 29
  15. ↑ Mommsen "Petrarch's Conception of the 'Dark Ages'" Speculum tr. 226
  16. ↑ Tansey, et al. Gardner's Art Through the Ages tr. 242
  17. ↑ Cunliffe Europe Between the Oceans tr. 391–393
  18. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 3–5
  19. 1 2 Heather Fall of the Roman Empire tr. 111
  20. 1 2 3 Brown World of Late Antiquity tr. 24–25
  21. 1 2 Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 9
  22. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 24
  23. ↑ Cunliffe Europe Between the Oceans tr. 405–406
  24. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 31–33
  25. ↑ Brown World of Late Antiquity tr. 34
  26. ↑ Brown World of Late Antiquity tr. 65–68
  27. ↑ Brown World of Late Antiquity tr. 82–94
  28. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 51
  29. ↑ Bauer History of the Medieval World tr. 47–49
  30. ↑ Bauer History of the Medieval World tr. 56–59
  31. ↑ Peter Heather, The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians, (Oxford University Press, 2006), tr.227-228.
  32. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 59–60
  33. 1 2 Cunliffe Europe Between the Oceans tr. 417
  34. ↑ James Europe's Barbarians tr. 67–68
  35. ↑ Bauer History of the Medieval World tr. 117–118
  36. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 79
  37. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 116–134
  38. ↑ Brown World of Late Antiquity tr. 122–124
  39. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 95–98
  40. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 100–101
  41. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 100
  42. 1 2 Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 96–97
  43. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 102–103
  44. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 86–91
  45. ↑ Coredon Dictionary of Medieval Terms tr. 261
  46. ↑ James Europe's Barbarians tr. 82–85
  47. 1 2 James Europe's Barbarians tr. 77–78
  48. ↑ James Europe's Barbarians tr. 79–80
  49. ↑ James Europe's Barbarians tr. 78–81
  50. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 196–208
  51. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 235–238
  52. ↑ Adams History of Western Art tr. 158–159
  53. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 81–83
  54. ↑ Bauer History of the Medieval World tr. 200–202
  55. 1 2 Bauer History of the Medieval World tr. 206–213
  56. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 126, 130
  57. ↑ Brown "Transformation of the Roman Mediterranean" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe tr. 8–9
  58. ↑ James Europe's Barbarians tr. 95–99
  59. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 140–143
  60. ↑ Brown World of Late Antiquity tr. 174–175
  61. ↑ Brown World of Late Antiquity tr. 181
  62. ↑ Brown "Transformation of the Roman Mediterranean" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe tr. 45–49
  63. ↑ Geary Before France and Germany tr. 56–57
  64. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 189–193
  65. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 195–199
  66. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 204
  67. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 205–210
  68. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 211–212
  69. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 215
  70. ↑ Gies and Gies Life in a Medieval City tr. 3–4
  71. 1 2 3 Loyn "Jews" Middle Ages tr. 191
  72. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 138–139
  73. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 143–145
  74. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 149–151
  75. ↑ Brown "Transformation of the Roman Mediterranean" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe tr. 15
  76. ↑ Cunliffe Europe Between the Oceans tr. 427–428
  77. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 218–219
  78. ↑ Grierson "Coinage and currency" Middle Ages
  79. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 218–233
  80. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 328–332
  81. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 170–172
  82. ↑ Colish Medieval Foundations tr. 62–63
  83. ↑ Lawrence Medieval Monasticism tr. 10–13
  84. ↑ Lawrence Medieval Monasticism tr. 18–24
  85. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 185–187
  86. ↑ Hamilton Religion in the Medieval West tr. 43–44
  87. ↑ Colish Medieval Foundations tr. 64–65
  88. ↑ Bauer History of the Medieval World tr. 246–253
  89. ↑ Bauer History of the Medieval World tr. 347–349
  90. ↑ Bauer History of the Medieval World tr. 344
  91. ↑ Bauer History of the Medieval World tr. 371–378
  92. ↑ Brown "Transformation of the Roman Mediterranean" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe ptr 20
  93. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 824
  94. ↑ James Bryce, The Holy Roman Empire, 1864, tr.62-64
  95. ↑ Stalley Early Medieval Architecture tr. 73
  96. 1 2 Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 109
  97. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 117–120
  98. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 302
  99. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 241
  100. ↑ Colish Medieval Foundations tr. 66–70
  101. ↑ Loyn "Language and dialect" Middle Ages tr. 204
  102. 1 2 Bauer History of the Medieval World tr. 427–431
  103. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 139
  104. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 356–358
  105. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 358–359
  106. 1 2 Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 360–361
  107. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 397
  108. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 141–144
  109. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 336–339
  110. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 144–145
  111. ↑ Bauer History of the Medieval World tr. 147–149
  112. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 378–385
  113. 1 2 Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 387
  114. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 394–404
  115. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 317
  116. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 435–439
  117. ↑ Whitton "Society of Northern Europe" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe tr. 152
  118. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 439–444
  119. ↑ Collins Early Medieval Europe tr. 385–389
  120. ↑ Wickham Inheritance of Rome tr. 500–505
  121. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 318–320
  122. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 321–326
  123. ↑ Crampton Concise History of Bulgaria tr. 12
  124. ↑ Curta Southeastern Europe tr. 246–247
  125. ↑ Nees Early Medieval Art tr. 145
  126. ↑ Stalley Early Medieval Architecture tr. 29–35
  127. ↑ Stalley Early Medieval Architecture tr. 43–44
  128. ↑ Cosman Medieval Wordbook tr. 247
  129. ↑ Stalley Early Medieval Architecture tr. 45, 49
  130. ↑ Kitzinger Early Medieval Art tr. 36–53, 61–64
  131. ↑ Henderson Early Medieval tr. 18–21, 63–71
  132. ↑ Henderson Early Medieval tr. 36–42, 49–55, 103, 143, 204–208
  133. ↑ Benton Art of the Middle Ages tr. 41–49
  134. ↑ Lasko Ars Sacra tr. 16–18
  135. ↑ Henderson Early Medieval tr. 233–238
  136. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 28–29
  137. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 30
  138. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 30–31
  139. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 34
  140. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 39
  141. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 58–59
  142. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 76
  143. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 67
  144. 1 2 Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 80
  145. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 88–91
  146. ↑ Whitton "Society of Northern Europe" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe p. 134
  147. ↑ Gainty and Ward Sources of World Societies tr. 352
  148. ↑ Jordan Europe in the High Middle Ages pp. 5–12
  149. 1 2 3 4 Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 156
  150. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 164–165
  151. ↑ Epstein Economic and Social History tr. 52–53
  152. ↑ Barber Two Cities tr. 37–41
  153. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 311–315
  154. ↑ Singman Daily Life tr. 3
  155. 1 2 Singman Daily Life tr. 8
  156. ↑ Hamilton Religion on the Medieval West tr. 33
  157. ↑ Singman Daily Life tr. 143
  158. ↑ Barber Two Cities tr. 33–34
  159. ↑ Barber Two Cities tr. 48–49
  160. ↑ Singman Daily Life tr. 171
  161. 1 2 Epstein Economic and Social History tr. 54
  162. ↑ Singman Daily Life tr. 13
  163. 1 2 Singman Daily Life tr. 14–15
  164. ↑ Singman Daily Life tr. 177–178
  165. ↑ Epstein Economic and Social History tr. 81
  166. ↑ Epstein Economic and Social History tr. 82–83
  167. ↑ Barber Two Cities tr. 60–67
  168. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 160
  169. ↑ Barber Two Cities tr. 74–76
  170. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 283–284
  171. ↑ Barber Two Cities tr. 365–380
  172. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 262–279
  173. ↑ Barber Two Cities tr. 371–372
  174. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 181–186
  175. ↑ Jordan Europe in the High Middle Ages tr. 143–147
  176. ↑ Jordan Europe in the High Middle Ages tr. 250–252
  177. ↑ Denley "Mediterranean" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe tr. 235–238
  178. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 364
  179. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 187–189
  180. ↑ Jordan Europe in the High Middle Ages tr. 59–61
  181. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 189–196
  182. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 294
  183. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 263
  184. ↑ Barlow Feudal Kingdom pp. 285–286
  185. 1 2 Loyn "Eleanor of Aquitaine" Middle Ages tr. 122
  186. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 286–289
  187. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 289–293
  188. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 355–357
  189. ↑ Hallam and Everard Capetian France tr. 401
  190. 1 2 Davies Europe tr. 345
  191. ↑ Barber Two Cities tr. 350–351
  192. ↑ Barber Two Cities tr. 353–355
  193. ↑ Kaufmann and Kaufmann Medieval Fortress tr. 268–269
  194. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 332–333
  195. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 386–387
  196. 1 2 3 Riley-Smith "Crusades" Middle Ages tr. 106–107
  197. ↑ Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades tr. 397–399
  198. ↑ Meriam-Webster English Dictionary, article order2
  199. 1 2 Barber Two Cities tr. 145–149
  200. ↑ Payne Dream and the Tomb tr. 204–205
  201. ↑ Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades tr. 156–161
  202. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 299–300
  203. ↑ Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades tr. 122
  204. ↑ Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades tr. 205–213
  205. ↑ Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades tr. 213–224
  206. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 232–237
  207. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 247–252
  208. 1 2 Loyn "Scholasticism" Middle Ages tr. 293–294
  209. ↑ Colish Medieval Foundations tr. 295–301
  210. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 252–260
  211. 1 2 Davies Europe tr. 349
  212. ↑ Saul Companion to Medieval England tr. 113–114
  213. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 237–241
  214. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 241–246
  215. ↑ Ilardi, Renaissance Vision, tr. 18–19
  216. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 246
  217. ↑ Ilardi, Renaissance Vision, tr. 4–5, 49
  218. 1 2 Epstein Economic and Social History tr. 45
  219. ↑ Barber Two Cities tr. 68
  220. ↑ Barber Two Cities tr. 73
  221. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 125
  222. ↑ Singman Daily Life tr. 124
  223. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 130
  224. 1 2 Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 296–298
  225. ↑ Benton Art of the Middle Ages tr. 55
  226. ↑ Adams History of Western Art tr. 181–189
  227. ↑ Benton Art of the Middle Ages tr. 58–60, 65–66, 73–75
  228. ↑ Dodwell Pictorial Arts of the West tr. 37
  229. ↑ Benton Art of the Middle Ages tr. 295–299
  230. ↑ Benton Art of the Middle Ages tr. 250
  231. ↑ Benton Art of the Middle Ages tr. 135–139, 245–247
  232. ↑ Benton Art of the Middle Ages tr. 264–278
  233. ↑ Benton Art of the Middle Ages tr. 248–250
  234. ↑ Hamilton Religion in the Medieval West tr. 47
  235. 1 2 Rosenwein Rhinoceros Bound tr. 40–41
  236. ↑ Barber Two Cities tr. 143–144
  237. ↑ Morris "Northern Europe" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe tr. 199
  238. ↑ Barber Two Cities tr. 155–167
  239. ↑ Barber Two Cities tr. 185–192
  240. ↑ Loyn "Famine" Middle Ages tr. 128
  241. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 373–374
  242. ↑ Epstein Economic and Social History tr. 41
  243. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 370
  244. 1 2 Schove "Plague" Middle Ages tr. 269
  245. ↑ Epstein Economic and Social History tr. 171–172
  246. ↑ Singman Daily Life tr. 189
  247. ↑ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe tr. 374–380
  248. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 412–413
  249. ↑ Epstein Economic and Social History tr. 184–185
  250. ↑ Epstein Economic and Social History tr. 246–247
  251. 1 2 Keen Pelican History of Medieval Europe tr. 234–237
  252. ↑ Vale "Civilization of Courts and Cities" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe tr. 346–349
  253. ↑ Watts Making of Polities tr. 201–219
  254. ↑ Watts Making of Polities tr. 224–233
  255. ↑ Watts Making of Polities tr. 233–238
  256. ↑ Watts Making of Polities tr. 166
  257. ↑ Watts Making of Polities tr. 169
  258. ↑ Loyn "Hundred Years' War" Middle Ages tr. 176
  259. ↑ Barber Edward tr. 242–243
  260. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 545
  261. ↑ Watts Making of Polities tr. 180–181
  262. ↑ Watts Making of Polities tr. 317–322
  263. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 423
  264. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 186
  265. ↑ Watts Making of Polities tr. 170–171
  266. 1 2 Watts Making of Polities tr. 173–175
  267. ↑ Watts Making of Polities tr. 327–332
  268. 1 2 Watts Making of Polities tr. 340
  269. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 425–426
  270. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 431
  271. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 408–409
  272. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 385–389
  273. ↑ Davies Europe p. 446
  274. ↑ Thomson Western Church tr. 170–171
  275. ↑ Loyn "Avignon" Middle Ages p. 45
  276. ↑ Loyn "Great Schism" Middle Ages tr. 153
  277. ↑ Thomson Western Church tr. 184–187
  278. ↑ Thomson Western Church tr. 197–199
  279. ↑ Thomson Western Church tr. 218
  280. ↑ Thomson Western Church tr. 213–217
  281. ↑ Loyn "Knights of the Temple (Templars)" Middle Ages tr. 201–202
  282. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 436–437
  283. 1 2 Davies Europe tr. 433–434
  284. 1 2 3 Davies Europe tr. 438–439
  285. ↑ Keen Pelican History of Medieval Europe tr. 282–283
  286. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 445
  287. ↑ Singman Daily Life tr. 224
  288. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 451
  289. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 454–455
  290. ↑ Davies Europe tr. 511
  291. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 180
  292. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 183
  293. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 188
  294. ↑ Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom tr. 185
  295. ↑ Epstein Economic and Social History tr. 193–194
  296. ↑ Singman Daily Life tr. 36
  297. ↑ Singman Daily Life tr. 38
  298. ↑ Epstein Economic and Social History tr. 200–201
  299. ↑ Epstein Economic and Social History tr. 203–204
  300. ↑ Epstein Economic and Social History tr. 213
  301. ↑ Benton Art of the Middle Ages tr. 253–256
  302. ↑ Lightbown Secular Goldsmiths' Work tr. 78
  303. ↑ Benton Art of the Middle Ages tr. 257–262
  304. ↑ British Library Staff "Incunabula Short Title Catalogue" British Library
  305. ↑ Griffiths Prints and Printmaking tr. 17–18; 39–46
  306. ↑ Lindberg "Medieval Church Encounters" When Science & Christianity Meet tr. 8
  307. ↑ Grant God and Reason tr. 9
  308. ↑ Quoted in Peters "Science and Religion" Encyclopedia of Religion tr. 8182
  309. 1 2 Russell Inventing the Flat Earth tr. 49–58
  310. ↑ Grant Planets, Stars, & Orbs tr. 626–630
  311. ↑ Lindberg and Numbers "Beyond War and Peace" Church History tr. 342
  312. ↑ Numbers "Myths and Truths in Science and Religion: A historical perspective" Lecture archive